使用 Jenksin 跨平台开发 Qt 桌面应用

如今带图形界面的软件流行的都是web搞跨平台，或是移动端开发。桌面开发没刚2000年刚接触电脑时的红火，linux桌面开发就更没人搞了。这个流程搭建纯粹个人爱好，用爱发电。

这篇文章会介绍如何搭建一个工作流在win端写代码，push到原创仓库后，linux端自动拉取代码构建。这里的linux不是需要交叉编译的嵌入式设备，是一个有完整桌面环境的linux设备，我用的是一台raspberry 400。

首先得有一台私有的Jenksin服务器，我用docker在阿里云搭了一个atian.icu:8000

Win 安装 Qt

win 安装 qt（官网默认 mingw 版本）

然后用QtCreator随便写个工程，CMakeLists.txt 大概是这样的：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

project(qt_leetcode_note VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)

set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(QT NAMES Qt6 Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets LinguistTools)
find_package(Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets LinguistTools)

set(TS_FILES qt_leetcode_note_zh_CN.ts)

set(PROJECT_SOURCES
        main.cpp
        mainwindow.cpp
        mainwindow.h
        mainwindow.ui
        ${TS_FILES}
)

if(${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} GREATER_EQUAL 6)
    qt_add_executable(qt_leetcode_note
        MANUAL_FINALIZATION
        ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
    )
# Define target properties for Android with Qt 6 as:
#    set_property(TARGET qt_leetcode_note APPEND PROPERTY QT_ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR
#                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android)
# For more information, see https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qt-add-executable.html#target-creation

    qt_create_translation(QM_FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${TS_FILES})
else()
    if(ANDROID)
        add_library(qt_leetcode_note SHARED
            ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
        )
# Define properties for Android with Qt 5 after find_package() calls as:
#    set(ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android")
    else()
        add_executable(qt_leetcode_note
            ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
        )
    endif()

    qt5_create_translation(QM_FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${TS_FILES})
endif()

target_link_libraries(qt_leetcode_note PRIVATE Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::Widgets)

set_target_properties(qt_leetcode_note PROPERTIES
    MACOSX_BUNDLE_GUI_IDENTIFIER my.example.com
    MACOSX_BUNDLE_BUNDLE_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    MACOSX_BUNDLE_SHORT_VERSION_STRING ${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}
    MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE
    WIN32_EXECUTABLE TRUE
)

install(TARGETS qt_leetcode_note
    BUNDLE DESTINATION .
    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})

if(QT_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL 6)
    qt_finalize_executable(qt_leetcode_note)
endif()

顺便照着写一个powershell脚本编译，等下写bash脚本的时候可以参考下

$build_dir = "./build"
$install_dir = "./install"
$cmake_prefix_path = "C:/Qt/5.15.2/mingw81_64"

if (Test-Path $build_dir) {
  Remove-Item -LiteralPath $build_dir -Force -Recurse
}

if (Test-Path $install_dir) {
  Remove-Item -LiteralPath $install_dir -Force -Recurse
}

mkdir $build_dir
mkdir $install_dir

cd $build_dir
cmake "-DCMAKE_GENERATOR:STRING=Ninja" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release" "-DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM=ninja.exe" "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH:PATH=$cmake_prefix_path" "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../$install_dir"  ..
ninja -j4
ninja install
cd ..

编译完成后这个小窗口程序是这样的：

Linux 配置jenksin slave

首先jenkins -> nodes -> new node, 拿到启动node的命令

然后在linux端配置启动时链接jenkins：

#!/bin/bash -ex
work_dir=$PWD

#java
sudo apt update
sudo apt install default-jre -y

#java bin
wget http://atian.icu:8080/jnlpJars/agent.jar -O ~/Downloads/agent.jar

#systemd
loginctl enable-linger pi
mkdir -p ~/.config/systemd/user/
cp -f ./systemd/jenkins.service ~/.config/systemd/user/
systemctl --user enable jenkins

echo "vim ~/.config/systemd/user/jenkins.service & reboot"

其中jenkins.service文件的内容需要手动改一下

[Unit]
Description=Jenkins Node Deamon

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar /home/pi/Downloads/agent.jar -jnlpUrl http://xxxxxxxxxxxxx -secret xxxxxxxx -workDir "/home/pi/jenkins"
Restart=always
RestartSec=60

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Linux 配置QT

默认的源好像没有qt5-default，先下个cmake。编一下qt工程提示缺哪个找哪个。

#!/bin/bash -ex
work_dir=$PWD

sudo apt update

sudo apt install cmake -y

sudo apt install qtbase5-dev-tools -y
sudo apt install qtbase5-dev -y
sudo apt install qttools5-dev -y

编译成功后所有的环境就ok啦，程序打开是这个样子的：

现在手动在任意一边编译代码都能通过了，跨平台功能达成！

用Jenkins写pipeline

随后把一切串起来，写个pipeline让每次merge代码都会自动触发

pipeline {
    agent{
        node ('rp4')
    }
    options {
        timeout(time: 10, unit: "MINUTES")
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('build') {
            steps {
                git credentialsId: 'gitee', url: 'https://gitee.com/yongtian/qt_leetcode_note.git'
                sh('./script/build_raspbian.sh')
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        unsuccessful {
             emailext body: '''${SCRIPT, template="groovy-html.template"}''',
                subject: '$DEFAULT_SUBJECT',
                to: '$DEFAULT_RECIPIENTS'
        }
    }
}

Happy Codding!